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Alan A. Siegel
Another fantastic contribution from Irvington’s renowned Historian.
History of Irvington Schools / High School Athletics
 Ivington's rapid growth at the turn of the 19th century prompted an increased public demand for better schools, a paid police and fire department, a modern library system and municipal buildings to house local government.
"Should the war continue a few years longer," wrote the Newark Daily Advertiser in 1863, "Irvington will be able to do still greater things for the Union, as no village in the State has so large a juvenile population in proportion to the adults. For several months past so great has been the press of little folks seeking entrance at the Public Schools, that the Brick Academy failed to make room for the numerous comers."
The first serious effort to modernize Irvington's public school system came two years after the Civil War ended when the Franklin and Washington School Districts were consolidated into a single district that included all of present-day Irvington and the Clinton Hill section of Newark. After approval of enabling legislation in 1869, the new district took steps to replace the Academy and White School House on Smith Street with a modern building capable of accommodating the burgeoning school population. With funds from a $20,000 bond issue, and $2,000 borrowed from a bank, the Irvington School District constructed a massive three-story red brick building, complete with imitation turrets and battlements, on Clinton Avenue west of the Centre. Finished in less than a year, Irvington's new Central School welcomed its first class in September 1870. Principal Asa Dickinson and his staff of four teachers (each received $400 per year), tended the education of 150 scholars in grades one through eight.
After Central School opened, the Brick Academy stood empty of scholars for the first time since it was erected in 1826. Within a decade Irvington's school population had again outstripped facilities, and in the 1880s the basement of the Academy was refitted and used for overflow classes until 1899. In 1894, when there were 600 students and 10 teachers in Irvington schools, a member of the school board complained that Central School was "rank ... During the last term of school there were cases of scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria and whooping cough among the scholars and the place should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. But we have no money."
Little was done to improve overcrowded conditions until July 1898, when rooms in the England house, located at the comer of Nye and Stuyvesant Avenues, were fitted up to house 100 students. Pressure on school facilities eased somewhat in 1899 after the first brick unit of Florence Avenue School opened but the Board of Education, never able to keep up with Irvington’s rapid population growth, continued to resort to stop-gap measures. A two story frame building at Grove Street and 14th Avenue was pressed into service soon after the turn of the century to meet school demands in Manhattan Park. A few rooms in a rented chapel at Lyons and Chester Avenues were the best that could be provided for the scholars of Scuffletown. In 1901, when children were on half-session, the Irvington News spoke for many parents when it complained that "The Board has now been dilly-dallying about the Second Ward School for the past two years ... Will the Board of Education ever get down to business ...?'
Plagued by lack of funds, never certain when the town's population growth would level off, the Board of Education proceeded with what it considered due caution. Between 1900, when school population stood at 1,000, and 1930, when there were 7,000 students attending classes, the Board constructed 10 additional schools:
Coit (1901);
Grove (1904);
Madison (1909);
Mount Vernon (1909);
Augusta (1913);
Chancellor (1914);
Frank H. Morrell (1926);
Union (1929);
Berkeley (1929); and
Myrtle (1930).
In 1920, with more than 2,000 children on part session, the Board invested $150,000 in 20 two-room portable buildings to accommodate the overflow.
Of the 12 public schools erected since 1870, ten are still in use.
Central School, later known as Clinton Avenue School, saw its last students in 1941. Converted into a community building, it was closed in 1972 and demolished in 1974.
Principals of Clinton Avenue School have included
Frank H. Morrell,
Floyd C. Flory,
Lloyd Taylor and
Earl Turnbaugh.
An early victim of progress was Coit Street School, abandoned in 1935 and torn down in 1949. Anna Pearsall, Charles Goss and Mr. Turnbaugh served as principals of Coit Street School before it closed as a Depression economy move.
Irvington's oldest school building is Florence Avenue School, built in 1899 with additions in 1906, 1910 and 1929.
Principals during its three-quarters of a century have included
May Connor,
Louise Collings,
Sara Betts,
Robert L. Saunders,
Mr. Taylor,
George Peffer,
Norman F. Gierman,
Marie C. Cooney,
Dr. Ralph K. Turp and
Dr. Harry J. Donovan Jr.
Another oldtimer is Grove Street School, opened in 1904 with additions in 1907, 1910, 1913, 1930 and 1958.
Matthew Hamilton,
Orville Staley,
Miss Betts,
Mr. Goss,
Dr. Donovan,
Donald M. Robertson,
Karl B. Ross and
William H. Mericle have been principals there.
Madison and Mount Vernon Avenue Schools both opened in 1909.
Principals at Mount Vernon have included
Elsie M. Wilson,
Jennings Bryan Derr,
Charles King,
G. Bert Carlson,
Mrs. Cooney and
Louis Vitale.
Madison Avenue, added to in 1912, 1919 and 1958, served as Irvington's high school from 1912 to 1926. From 1934, when it was closed as an economy measure, until 1938 the school was a federal storage building.
Principals at Madison include
Edgar P. Lawrence,
Mr. Derr,
Gustav Patz,
Mr. Turnbaugh,
Casimer Mentus,
Mr. Robertson,
Dr. Donovan and
Helen T. Solon.
Augusta Street School, built in 1913 with an addition in 1958, and Chancellor Avenue School, added to in 1926, are also pre-World War I schools.
Miss Connor,
Mr. Patz,
Mr. Turnbaugh,
Mr. Lawrence,
Mr. Gierman,
Arthur Stender,
Mrs. Cooney,
Miss Solon and
Donald DeBenedett have been principals at Augusta.
Chancellor principals include
Miss Betts,
Mr. Staley,
Willard Diffendafer,
Dr. Turp,
Dr. Donovan and
Mr. Gierman.
Union Avenue, Berkeley Terrace and Myrtle Avenue Schools are the newest in the Irvington system.
Miss Betts,
Mr. Patz,
Dr. George R. Gordon,
Mr. Ross,
G. Bert Carlson and
Mr. Robertson have been principals of Union Avenue School, where an addition was completed in 1959.
Myrtle Avenue, built in 1930, has been served by
Mr. Flory,
Mr. Lawrence,
Mr. Mentus and
Mr. Stender.
Portables were erected on the future site of Berkeley Terrace School in 1922 and rebuilt in 1925. One of the most handsome in Irvington, the present building was finished in 1929, with an addition in 1964.
Principals at Berkeley include
Mr. Hamilton,
Mr. Turnbaugh,
Mr. Lawrence,
Mr. Flory,
Arthur Muniz,
Jerry J. Martino,
Mr. Gierman,
Mr. Robertson and
Albert Cohen.
Irvington had no high school until 1895, and those few students who desired more than eight years of education finished their studies at Newark's Barringer High School or Columbia High School in South Orange. In 1895 the Board of Education added a ninth and tenth year of studies to the grammar school course at Clinton Avenue School, naming Frank H. Morrell as principal and assigning two teachers to his staff, Miss Rose Umscheiden and Mr. O.V. Schneider. An average of 25 high school students studied English, Arithmetic, Algebra, Bookkeeping, Latin, History and Drawing during their ninth year, Physics, German, Advanced Mathematics and Advanced Bookkeeping in the 10th year. The class of 1903 was typical of the era. There were seven boys and 24 girls in the class, which chose as its motto the German saying, "Verschiebe nie auf morgen, was heute geschehan kann," which means, "Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today." According to the class historian, a girl, the boys in the class always mistranslated the motto to read, "Never do today what you can do tomorrow." Outings to Fort Wadsworth, Bronx Park and Crystal Lake were highlights of the school year, which closed with graduation and the planting of a class tree on the lawn of Clinton School.
After Matthew C. Hamilton succeeded Morrell as principal in 1905, the Board of Education extended the high school course to four years. There were no graduating classes in 1906 and 1907, and when the first four-year class graduated, it had only four members, all girls. Girls outnumbered boys for at least another decade, in large measure because most families regarded a high school education as an amenity fit only for girls, who did not have to work to support a family, and the wealthy. Orville H. Staley became principal of the high school in 1911, and in 1912 the school moved from Clinton Avenue to Madison Avenue School.
In 1913 Dr. Albion C. Christian, a member of the Board of Education, caused a flurry of excitement when he denounced the style of dresses worn by Irvington teachers, especially those in the high school. "Scandalous" was his description of "dresses two inches above the shoe tops and sailor waists." What teachers wore was less of a problem for the Board of Education than adequate facilities for the students. Conditions at the high school grew more overcrowded each year until 1926 when an entirely new structure was built on Clinton Avenue, due largely to the unceasing efforts of Board President Gustav Kruttschnitt, known to many as the father of Irvington's modern high school. Erected at a cost of nearly $1 million, Frank H. Morrell High School has a current enrollment of 2,500 students. An addition was completed in 1955 and a new wing to the west of the original structure is expected to be in use by 1975.
Principals have included
Edward D. Haeffter,
Clarence E. Chamberlain,
Mr. Taylor,
Lester Rice,
Alfred Bray,
Milton Weiner and
Philip Schectman.
School enrollment, which today stands at approximately 8,000, has been fairly constant during the last several decades, and no entirely new school buildings have been constructed since 1930, the year the town's population stopped its dizzying climb.
Early presidents of the Board of Education, appointive until 1972, were
William A. Sherman,
Dr. Christian,
George H. Smalley,
Rev. Uriah McClinchie,
Charles H. Stewart and
Mr. Kruttschnitt, who served from 1923 to 1931.
Superintendents of Schools since creation of the post have been
Frank H. Morrell (1908-1917),
Robert L. Saunders (1917-1934),
Herschel S. Libby (1934-1958),
Richard Beck (1958-1962) and
Dr. George R. Gordon, the incumbent.
The most important figure in the history of public education in Irvington is Frank H. Morrell, whose half-century of service included positions as Frank H. Morrell principal, supervising principal and superintendent of schools. Affectionately known to generations of Irvington students as "Daddy" Morrell, he was for years the best known and most respected man in town. Morrell was born in Hollowell, Maine, on June 26, 1846, the son of a clergyman. He began his teaching career in Maine in 1868 while a student at Bates College, from which he was graduated in 1870. After graduation he came to New Jersey, teaching first in Bloomfield and then, in 1872, in the small two-room schoolhouse at Middleville, now part of Maplewood. In July 1875, after his brother came from Maine to replace him at Middleville, Morrell entered the Irvington system as principal of Central School, succeeding Asa Dickinson. For the next 49 years, Morrell guided the development of Irvington public education, first in the classroom and later as an administrator.
A kindly man who took immense delight in teaching, his students "graduated from his classroom with a deep affection for him ... [and] a profound respect for the clear manner in which he imparted the rudiments of education." When he was principal of Central School he often led the students in their games and, on a rainy day, if a student lacked carfare, he would advance the money without expectation of repayment. In later years, many a former pupil called at his office to seek his help and guidance. The respect his former students had for him is well-illustrated by a story told by one of his former pupils, William A. Sherman, for many years secretary of the Board of Education. "Mr. Morrell, who always enjoyed a cigar, was opposed to cigarette smoking," remembered Sherman. "He so impressed us with his opposition to forming the habit that in later years many of his pupils, aged men themselves, used to hide their cigarettes when he approached."
Morrell never missed a day of school until January 1924, when a childhood wound flared up, led to blood poisoning and eventually the pneumonia to which he finally succumbed on January 29 at the age of 78.
“After almost half a century of service in the public school system of Irvington, Frank H. Morrell has gone the way of all earth [wrote his friend, Walter Gray, in an Irvington Herald editorial that appeared the day of Morrell's funeral]. When he came to Irvington in 1875, he found a small village with a four-room school of two hundred pupils. When his career ended, he had witnessed the four-room structure expand into nine large schools accommodating five thousand boys and girls. The rapid growth of the school system soon took him out of the classroom ... But in his own heart, he always cherished a delight in direct contact with the boy and girl mind ... Mr. Morrell was at his best in personal instruction. With some of the later additions to the modern curriculum, he had little sympathy. But he always advocated the best education for the boys and girls of the town. When a debate arose twenty years ago over the establishment of a high school .... Mr. Morrell strongly supported the high school proposition. That he died in harness will be considered a blessing from Providence by all who knew him ... He closed his books and finished his work just as he himself would have wished.”.
Morrell's successor as superintendent of schools was Robert L. Saunders, who served in that post from 1917 until 1933 when he fell victim to Depression-era politics. A native of Pennsylvania, Saunders was supervising principal in Metamoros, Pa., and Secaucus, N.J., before joining the Irvington system, where he pioneered in the departmentalization of subject matter at the grammar school level. Pressure by Mayor John Lovell for school economy in the dark days of the Depression triggered a rift between Superintendent Saunders and the Board of Education. In September 1933, after the Board announced that Madison Avenue School would be closed for economy reasons, Saunders charged that the Board could open the school if economies were made elsewhere in the system. "It is not right," declared Saunders, "to take away the educational opportunities of any group of Irvington children." Saunders charged that a majority of the Board, all Lovell appointees led by President J. Edward DeLancy, had deliberately pigeon-holed his views at the expense of student welfare.
A little over a month later the controversy came to a head when the Board fired Saunders, charging that he was a "politician." The Saunders case created a public furor that lasted for months. Herbert Allwood, an appointee of former Mayor Greene, resigned from the Board in protest. Commissioners Herbert Kruttschnitt and Henry Bedford urged School Board members responsible for the ouster to resign. "The school board is a political combination in the hands of Mayor Lovell," said the Rev. A. J. VanHouten, "and their actions have lowered the standard of the entire school system. The decent thing for them to do is resign." Saunders' firing was a major issue in the 1934 municipal election, when Lovell was defeated, and remained a sore spot in school affairs long afterward. Fired without benefit of a hearing, Saunders appealed to the State Board of Education. While his appeal was pending, Saunders and the Board reached a settlement, and he was succeeded by Herschel S. Libby in 1934.
High School Athletics
Over the years Irvington public schools, while maintaining high scholastic standards, have also enjoyed an enviable reputation in New Jersey sports circles with many outstanding teams and individual athletes who achieved national recognition. Two of the top athletes before Frank H. Morrell High School opened were C. Hoyt Terrill and Frank Kearny, who captained the Irvington High School football teams of 1920 and 1921, respectively. In 1925 they gained national attention when they were named captain of their college eleven, Terrill at Rutgers and Kearny at Cornell. Another highly regarded performer was Fred Azzara, a brilliant football and baseball player who starred on the 1918 squads.
High School Football
 Irvington has produced many fine football teams since the opening of the new high school building in 1926. Two teams coached by William Matthews, the 1937 and 1944 squads, led the way with 8-1 records. The next best grid mark was a 7-2 record by Walter Marshall's 1959 squad. In 1925 the football team, captained by Milton Weiner, won seven and lost three. The 1945 eleven finished with 6-1-2 while the 1973 squad went 6-3. Many Irvington sports fans rate Matthews' 1937 team as the finest in Morrell history. The team took its first five games, beating Garfield, Central, Asbury Park, Belleville and Kearny. Next was a match with unbeaten Bloomfield and the battle was billed to decide the state title. Over 16,000 fans, the largest crowd ever, crammed into the local field while hundreds watched the game from nearby rooftops and trees. A few days before the game several Irvington stalwarts, including Joseph Giacona, Stanley Wnek and Frank Hiller, were injured. In those days Giacona was hailed as "the Larry Kelly" of schoolboy football. He was a great pass snatcher and runner. Wnek, a top guard and a powerhouse on the line, suffered a painful hip injury. Hiller injured his leg. Matthews rearranged his starting line-up for the game but Bloomfield put on its best exhibition of the year, dealing a 34-0 loss and ending Irvington's dream of winning the Group 4 crown. Despite the loss to Bloomfield, the Campers bounced back the following week and beat Perth Amboy, 6-0, then followed up with a 24-6 victory over Thomas Jefferson High School and a 12-0 triumph over West Side. The 1937 team had John Kulikowski, William Brown and Hiller as halfbacks, with John Bisset as the fullback and William Mysko at quarterback. The line included Wnek, Arthur Lemke, Giacona, Robert Green, Howard Haug, Casmir Ksycewski, William McGrady and Anthony Cataldo.
High School Baseball
 What is perhaps the greatest achievement of the last 50 years of Irvington sports, according to Herald sportswriter Joe Carter, was the baseball dynasty built during the coaching regime of John "Doc" Gantz, often referred to as Mr. Baseball of New Jersey high school circles. Few coaches in the nation have been able to produce the records Gantz established from 1929 to 1953, when death put a halt to a brilliant career. Gantz's baseball teams, which captured over 15 state and sectional crowns, never had a losing season, winning 436 games while losing only 97. Highlight of Gantz's career was Irvington's record of winning the state's major baseball classic, the Greater Newark Tournament, on five occasions, a feat that has never been equaled.
Gantz had an unusual talent for getting the most out of athletes. He worked hard with his students and often spent five or six hours with them on the practice field. Among the athletes guided by Gantz over the years are Morrell's present baseball coach, Stanley Wnek, one of the best all-around athletes in the school's history, who later starred in college and professional. sports; Frank Hiller, who played for the New York Yankees and Chicago Cubs; Johnny Druze, the Fordham Flash; Calvin Ehehalt, whose 1943 record of having pitched 43 consecutive scoreless innings still stands; Vito Miele, a star performer at Upsala College; Stanley Couzens, who pitched a no-hitter; and Lefty Marion, who holds the single season strikeout record of 169. Others include: Joe and Rudy Choborda, Harry Hill, Jimmy Halperin, Anson and Robert Perina, Teddy Baryiewski, Joseph Gallagher, Al and Hal Weiner, Pete Wilk, Jim Higgins, Harry Hill, Ed Strychniewicz, Steve Bonzek, John Kulikowski, Norm Smith, David Lipkin, Fred Kuebler, Norm Morris, Joe Urban, Bob "Lefty" Duda, Jake Garb, Bernie Lilien, Fran Gallagher, Al Cohen and Bob Moench. Two others, Eddie Grot and Hugo Minette, were named to the Newark Sunday Call's all-State squad in 1932.
 Gantz's Irvington teams won the Greater Newark Tournament in 1933, 1938, 1939, 1940 and 1947, and reached the finals in 1942, 1948, 1953 and 1957, a record unequaled in the 40 years the tournament has been staged. Gantz's baseball teams never won less than 11 games in a season and on eight occasions won 20 or more. His 1947 squad posted a 23-5 record while in 1936 and 1953 his teams each scored 22 victories. Gantz's first championship crew was the 1929 team captained by shortstop Barney Morris. Irvington's longest winning streak of 32 games extended over the 1940 and 1941 seasons. In 1940 the Campers lost their opening game to Fordham Prep, then won the next 21 played that year and the first 11 in 1941 before Hillside ended the streak with an 11th inning 1-0 win.
Stanley Wnek, who served as Docs assistant for several seasons, succeeded Gantz in 1954. Wnek had played for three years under Gantz. He captained the Greater Newark Tournament championship team of 1938, was chosen all-State catcher and named the most valuable player in the G.N.T. Wnek was also named all-Metropolitan most valuable player by the New York sportswriters, and made a tour with the New York Yankees. He batted .545 for Gantz in his senior year. In his 19 years as head baseball coach at Irvington High School, Wnek's teams have won 220 and lost 80.
Top Lettermen
One of the top varsity letter holders is Albert Weiner, who earned 15 in football, basketball, baseball and track while attending high school at Clinton Avenue School. Better known as "Red," Albert Weiner is one of four brothers who sparkled for Irvington. Like his brothers, Milton, who retired in 1973 as principal of Irvington High School, Harold and Bernie, Al Weiner went on to greater athletic fame at Muhlenberg College and later was one of New Jersey's most successful coaches. In all, the Weiner brothers garnered over 30 varsity letters. Milton Weiner played on three varsity teams, football, track and baseball. Captain of the 1925 eleven, Weiner gained all-State as a tackle. After graduating from Muhlenberg College he was named to the all-time Muhlenberg grid eleven.
Other Irvington stars of the twenties and thirties who later gained fame on the college gridiron were Archie Dunlop (Rutgers), John Scrupski (Clarkson Tech.), Joseph Choborda (Colgate) and Carl Buechle (Albrecht). Carl Perina, captain of Irvington's 1926 football team and now director of the Department of Parks and Recreation, went on to all-American honors at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was rated one of the best fullbacks in school history. Another star of the thirties was Johnny Druze, famed as one of the "Seven Blocks of Granite" of the 1936-37 Fordham University football team. Druze, a star end on the Irvington squads of the early thirties under Coach Matthews, went on to Fordham after his graduation in 1934. Assistant coach under Frank Leahy at Boston College, he later accompanied Leahy to Notre Dame. Druze, who served as head coach at Marquette University, retired in the late fifties.
Parochial Schools
In addition to its public schools, Irvington is home to three parochial grammar schools, a parochial high school and a vocational school operated by the Essex County Board of Education. Of these, St. Leo's School is the oldest. When it opened in 1892, St. Leo's had an enrollment of 52 pupils taught by the Sisters of Charity. In 1895 the order was replaced by the School Sisters of Notre Dame.
The first principal of St. Leo's,
Sister Mary Cipertino, was succeeded by
Sister Mary Pancratia, who served from 1896 to1898;
Sister Mary Jerome, 1898 to 1921;
Sister Mary Adjutoria, 1921 to 1924;
Sister Mary Myles, 1924 to 1930;
Sister Mary Eugenia, 1930 to 1932;
Sister Mary Auxilia, 1932 to 1938;
Sister Mary Joanella, 1938 to 1941;
Sister Mary Leonardia, 1941 to 1947;
Sister Mary Lucida, 1947 to 1948;
Sister Mary Edward, 1948 to 1954;
Sister Mary Aloise, 1954 to 1960;
Sister Mary Arthur, 1960 to 1966;
Sister Mary Theoderic, 1962 to 1968;
Sister Mary Aloise, 1968 to 1970;
Sister Marie McCarthy since 1970.
When the parish built a new brick schoolhouse in 1910, the number of students had increased to 250. There were only six classrooms in the building and, as enrollment grew, temporary classrooms were provided on the auditorium stage, in the balcony and in the basement of St. Leo's Chapel. In 1928, when Father John O. Buchmann came to the parish, enrollment had grown to 500. A new school building, located on the corner of Myrtle and Madison Avenues, was completed in 1931. The school has an enrollment today of approximately 700 pupils.
The only parochial high school in Irvington, Archbishop Walsh High School at 100 Linden Avenue was dedicated in September 1953. The first freshmen class which registered in September 1951 attended sessions in St Leo's School. By September 1952, the high school annex, with its temporary classrooms, was ready for occupancy by freshman and sophomore classes
The entire student body moved into the present building in 1953.
Sister Mary Dominic, who served from 1951 to 1954, was the first principal of Archbishop Walsh High School.
She was succeeded by
Sister Mary Gerard 1954 to 1961;
Sister Mary Petronilla, 1961 to 1967;
Sister Mary Claudette 1967 to 1968;
Sister Barbara Dewey, 1968 to 1972; and
Sister Mary Byron 1972 to the present.
The high school, which contains 16 classrooms and has an enrollment of 450 girls, saw its last co-ed class graduate in June 1965.
St. Paul the Apostle School at 185 Nesbit Terrace opened in September 1950 with a teaching staff from the Dominican Sisters of Caldwell.
Sister M Richard, who served as principal from 1950 to 1955, was succeeded by
Sister Norbert, 1955 to 1961;
Sister M. Evelyn Francis, 1961 to 1967;
Sister Catherine Patricia, 1967 to 1968;
Sister Eileen Coughlin, 1968 to 1969
Sister Kathleen Driscoll, 1969 to 1970; and
Sister Maureen James, 1970 to the present.
Sacred Heart of Jesus School, located at 15 Smalley Terrace .has an enrollment of 220 pupils. The school opened in 1929 with three grades and 80 pupils taught by the Felician Sisters of Lodi under
Principal Sister Mary Dulcine, who served until 1932.
Other principals have been
Sister Mary Amandine, 1932 to 1933;
Mother Mary Sophia, 1933 to 1940,
Mother Mary Angelica, 1940 to 1946;
Sister Mary Benilda, 1946 to 1949;
Sister Mary Leandra, 1949 to 1955;
Sister Mary Gerald, 1955 to 1961;
Sister Mary Bonfilia, 1961 to 1964;
Sister Mary Antonilda, 1964 to 1970; and
Sister Mary Lucia since 1970.
Polish is taught as the second language.
Vocational School
Essex County Vocational and Technical High School on Myrtle Avenue provides the groundwork for careers in a variety of service areas. The vocational school was built in 1926 and an addition was ready for use in 1956. Besides academic courses, classes are offered in auto shop, auto body, tool and die, sheet metal, carpentry, machine shop, heating and refrigeration electronics, drafting and electrical. A cooperative industrial education course, in which the student attends school half a day and works the other half, has been in effect for several years.
From Out of Our Past, A History of Irvington, New Jersey, by Alan A. Siegel, published in 1974, reprinted with permission.
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